Systemverilog Cheat Sheet
Operators
- Systemverilog Assertion Cheat Sheet
- Verilog Hdl Pdf
- Verilog Tutorial For Beginners Pdf
- Systemverilog Coverage Cheat Sheet
The SystemVerilog Language Reference Manual (LRM) was specified by the Accellera SystemVerilog com-mittee. Four subcommittees worked on various aspects of the SystemVerilog 3.1 specification: — The Basic/Design Committee (SV-BC) worked on errata and extensions to the design features of System-Verilog. Aug 10, 2016 - Download free Logic Design and Verification Using SystemVerilog (Revised) pdf. Verilog Cheat Sheet. For refreshers on FPGA Verilog HDL syntax and concepts, check out this cheat sheet. Below is a guide on how to flash a premade user-provided FPGA bitstream onto the Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA for the MATRIX Voice. We first need to install a few prerequisites. Add the MATRIX repository and key.
All types support the following operators:- Equal - Not Equal !=
The Bit
type supports the following logical operators.- And &
- Or |
- Exclusive or ^
- Not ~
The Array
type supports the following operator.- Dynamic bit selection bits_obj[add.O]
(select a bit dynamically using a magma value)
The Bits
type supports the following logical operators.- And &
(elementwise)- Or |
(elementwise)- Exclusive or ^
(elementwise)- Not ~
(elementwise)- Logical right shift (with zeros) >>
- Logical left shift (with zeros) <<
The UInt
and SInt
types support all the logical operatorsas well as arithmetic and comparison operastors.- Add +
- Subtract/Negate -
- Multiply *
- Divide /
- Less than <
- Less than or equal <=
- Greater than >
- Greater than or equal >=
Note that the the right shift operator when applied to an SInt
becomesan arithmetic shift right operator (which replicates the sign bit as it shifts right).
Verilog Users Guide
Here we provide a mapping between Verilog's standard operators, as defined byIEEE Std 1800-2017: IEEE Standard for SystemVerilog—Unified Hardware Design,Specification, and VerificationLanguage (page 256, Table 11-1-- Operators and data types).
Assignment
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
= | m.wire , <= (can only be used on magma input values) | Any | All | Assignment cannot be overloaded for arbitrary Python variables, so in general we must use m.wire . We have added preliminary for assignment to attributes of magma values using the <= operator, which may be familiar for Verilog programmers using non-blocking assignments. Example: reg.I <= io.I . <= is purely syntactic sugar defiend on output values and calls m.wire under the hood. |
+= , -= , /= , *= | None | None | All | Support is not planned for these operators because magma cannot provide a clean semantics for them. Assignment only works for inputs to circuit instances and outputs of circuit definitions. AugAssign operators imply a value that is used both as an input an output. For example, inst.a +=1 would imply a is an output that feeds into binary add with 1, while also an input which consumes the result of the binary add. |
%= | None | None | All | See above |
&= , |= , ^= | None | None | All | See above |
>>= , <<= | None | None | All | See above |
>>>= , <<<= | None | None | All | See above |
Conditional Operator
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
?: | <true_exp> if <cond> else <false_exp> | true_exp : T , cond_exp : Bit , false_exp : T | m.circuit.combinational | Currently only supported inside the m.circuit.combinational syntax because it requires inspection of the AST and rewriting it into a Mux . The true expression and the false expression should have the same type, the condition expression should have a Bit type. |
?: | mantle.mux([<false_exp>, <true_exp>], <cond>) | true_exp : T , cond_exp : Bit , false_exp : T | All |
Unary Logical Operators
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
! | TODO | m.Bit , m.Bits | All | Logical operators like not cannot be overloaded in Python. Planned support for a mantle function m.lnot as an alternative |
~ , & , ~& , | , ~| , ^ , ~^ , ^~ | TODO | m.Bits | All | Python does not have built-in support for reduction operators. Use the python reduce function instead, e.g. reduce(mantle.nand, value) . |
Unary Arithmetic Operators
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
+ , - | TODO | m.SInt | All | Can override __neg__ and __pos__ to implement these |
++ , -- | None | None | All | No planned support since not available in Python, use += 1 and -= 1 instead. |
Binary Logical Operators
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
<< , >> | << , >> | m.Bits | All | TODO: What does verilog expect for bit width of the shift value? What does magma expect? |
&& , || | TODO | m.Bits | All | NOTE Python doesn't support overloading logical and and or , so using those Python operators will not work and will likely lead to difficult to debug error messages. In the future, will provide mantle functions instead and possibly an AST rewriter that translates these operators into the matnle function calls. |
-> , <-> | None | None | All | Impliciation and equivalence are used for verification, no planned support. If we wanted, we could provide mantle functions taht implement them as !expression1 || expression2 (implication) and (!expression1 || expression2) && (!expression2 || expression1) |
, != | , != | All | All |
Binary Arithmetic Operators
Systemverilog Assertion Cheat Sheet
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
+ , - , * , / , ** | + , - , * , / , ** | UInt , SInt | All | TODO: Define numeric or integral type where UInt and SInt are sub types |
% | UInt , SInt | All | TODO: Define numeric or integral type where UInt and SInt are sub types | |
>>> , <<< | >> , << | SInt | All | Python does not provide a separate operator for arithmetic shift operators. Instead, we overload the meaning of the normal shift operators on SInt types. To use the logical variant, one can use the operator function directly mantle.lsr or convert the type to Bits or UInt . TODO: Double check that these are properly defined for SInt. Note, according to the SV spec, arithmetic left shift is the same as logical left shift. |
Concatenation and Replication Operators
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
{} | m.concat | All | All | NOTE: The semantics of m.concat are inverted from Verilog's (in the same way that Magma/Python's slicing syntax is inverted), so m.concat(x,y) corresponds to Verilog code of {y,x} as opposed to {x,y} |
{{}} | TODO | All | All | **TODO: We could use something similar to Python's list replication syntax: [4] * 4 |
Others
Verilog Operator | Magma Operator | Types | Context | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
, ! | None | None | None | Magma currently does not support 4-state logic ( tests for 1, 0, z, and x) |
? , !=? | None | None | None | See above (? treat X and Z values in a given bit position as a wildcard (matches any value)) |
inside | None | None | None | TODO: Could use Python's in syntax to implement this, but is this typically used in synthesized code? |
dist | None | None | None | Verification feature used for constraints |
{<<{}} , {>>{}} | None | None | None |
As you become more experienced with Sigasi Studio, you will find that there are a number of actions that you perform quite often. At some point, you may feel that the GUI-based approach becomes too slow for these actions. For that reason, Sigasi Studio provides a number of keyboard shortcuts. They are a great way to boost your productivity. A printable cheat sheet with all shortcuts on one page is available for download.
In this chapter, we describe the available keyboard shortcuts.
In this section, we list the most important shortcuts.
- Open Resource (Shift+Ctrl+R):
Shift+Ctrl+R opens a dialog that allows you to swiftly open an editor on any file in the workspace. - Open Declaration (F3):
Use F3 to navigate to the declaration of the selected identifier. - Open Design Unit (Shift+Ctrl+D):
Shift+Ctrl+D opens a dialog in which you can type a name or pattern to open a specific VHDL or SystemVerilog design unit name. - Backward History (Alt+Left):
Often, when you navigate to a declaration you want to go back to where you came from; just press Alt+Left. - Content Assist (Ctrl+Space):
With content assist (autocomplete) you can really speed up coding VHDL. Just press Ctrl+Space to get a suggestion of possible autocompletes in the current context. - Go to next marker (Ctrl+.)
Does your file contain warnings or errors? Quickly navigate to the next problem by pressing Ctrl+. (Ctrl+, jumps to the previous problem). - Quick Fix (Ctrl+1):
To fix problems even quicker, navigate to the problem with the previous shortcut. Press Ctrl+1 to activate the Quick Fix, select the fix with the UP or DOWN keys and execute the Quick Fix with Enter. - Go to Line (Ctrl+L)
You can directly jump to a certain line with this shortcut. You can display the line numbers by right-clicking on on the gray bar on the left side of the editor view and clicking on Show Line Numbers. - Search references (Shift+Ctrl+G)
To search for all occurrences of a given identifier, just select the identifier and press Shift+Ctrl+G. The search view is displayed, with a match for each occurrence (possibly in multiple files) - Rename Refactoring (Shift+Alt+R)
Once you get used to the rename refactoring you will be using it all the time. Use Shift+Alt+R to run it even quicker. - Toggle Block Selection (Shift+Alt+A)
Switch between regular and block selection mode. - Structured Select (Shift+Alt+Up/Down/Left/Right)
Select VHDL or Verilog code, based on its syntactic structure. (Structured selection) - Format (Shift+Ctrl+F)
Format your current VHDL or SystemVerilog file. - Quick Access (Ctrl+3, This is the shortcut to use, when you forgot the shortcut you actually need.)
With Quick Access you can quickly find open editors, available perspectives, views, preferences, wizards, commands, etc. Simply start typing the name of the item you wish to invoke.
Category | Description | Keyboard shortcut |
---|---|---|
Basic Editing | Delete | Delete |
Copy | Ctrl+C, Ctrl+Insert | |
Paste | Ctrl+V, Shift+Insert | |
Cut | Ctrl+X, Shift+Delete | |
Undo | Ctrl+Z | |
Redo | Ctrl+Y | |
Select All | Ctrl+A | |
Toggle Block Selection | Shift+Alt+A | |
Toggle Word Wrap | Shift+Alt+Y | |
Zoom in | Ctrl++ | |
Zoom out | Ctrl+- | |
Quick Fixes | Quick Fix | Ctrl+1 |
Autocompletion | Content Assist | Ctrl+Space |
Word completion | Alt+/ | |
Basic Search | Find and Replace | Ctrl+F |
Find Next | Ctrl+K | |
Find Previous | Shift+Ctrl+K | |
Incremental Find | Ctrl+J | |
Incremental Find Reverse | Shift+Ctrl+J | |
Files | Ctrl+P | |
New | Ctrl+N | |
Rename | F2 | |
Close All | Shift+Ctrl+F4, Shift+Ctrl+W | |
Refresh | F5 | |
Close | Ctrl+F4, Ctrl+W | |
Properties | Alt+Enter | |
Save | Ctrl+S | |
New menu | Shift+Alt+N | |
Save All | Shift+Ctrl+S | |
Navigation | Last Edit Location | Ctrl+Q |
Open Resource | Shift+Ctrl+R | |
Open Design Unit | Shift+Ctrl+D | |
Backward History | Alt+Left | |
Show In… | Shift+Alt+W | |
Go to Line | Ctrl+L | |
Go to Matching Bracket | Ctrl+Shift+P | |
Previous | Ctrl,* | |
Next | Ctrl.* | |
Collapse All | Shift+Ctrl+Numpad_Divide | |
Forward History | Alt+Right | |
VHDL/Verilog specific | Search references | Shift+Ctrl+G |
Rename - Refactoring | Shift+Alt+R | |
Format | Shift+Ctrl+F | |
Toggle Comment | Ctrl+/ | |
Comment | Shift+Ctrl+/ | |
Uncomment | Shift+Ctrl+* | |
Open Declaration | F3 | |
Open matching entity | Shift+F3 | |
Go to next problem | Ctrl+. | |
Go to previous problem | Ctrl+, | |
Expand structured selection | Shift+Alt+Up | |
Contact structured selection | Shift+Alt+Down | |
Expand structured selection left | Shift+Alt+Left | |
Expand structured selection right | Shift+Alt+Right | |
Advanced search | Find Text in Workspace | Ctrl+Alt+G |
Open Search Dialog | Ctrl+H | |
Previous Word | Ctrl+Left | |
Advanced editing | Insert Line Above Current Line | Shift+Ctrl+Enter |
Scroll Line Down | Ctrl+Down | |
Delete Next Word | Ctrl+Delete | |
Test Start | Ctrl+Home | |
Toggle Overwrite | Insert | |
Insert Line Below Current Line | Shift+Enter | |
Delete Previous Word | Ctrl+Backspace | |
Delete Line | Ctrl+D | |
Copy Lines | Ctrl+Alt+Down | |
Duplicate Lines | Ctrl+Alt+Up | |
Move Lines Down | Alt+Down | |
Delete to End of Line | Shift+Ctrl+Delete | |
Select Next Word | Shift+Ctrl+Right | |
Scroll Line Up | Ctrl+Up | |
Select Line End | Shift+End | |
Move Lines Up | Alt+Up | |
Join Lines | Ctrl+Alt+J | |
To Upper Case | Shift+Ctrl+X | |
Select Line Start | Shift+Home | |
To Lower Case | Shift+Ctrl+Y | |
Select Previous Word | Shift+Ctrl+Left | |
Next Word | Ctrl+Right | |
Text End | Ctrl+End | |
Line Start | Home | |
Line End | End | |
Show Tool Tip | F2 | |
Views | Maximize Active View or Editor | Ctrl+M |
Next Editor | Ctrl+F6 | |
Next View | Ctrl+F7 | |
Show View Menu | Ctrl+F10 | |
Show Key Assist | Shift+Ctrl+L | |
Show System Menu | Alt+- | |
Show Ruler Context Menu | Ctrl+F10 | |
Previous Editor | Shift+Ctrl+F6 | |
Activate Editor | F12 | |
Switch to Editor | Shift+Ctrl+E | |
Previous View | Shift+Ctrl+F7 | |
Quick Access | Ctrl+3 | |
Quick Switch Editor | Ctrl+E | |
Toggle Full screen | Alt+F11 | |
Toggle Horizontal Split Editor | Ctrl+_ | |
Toggle Vertical Split Editor | Ctrl+{ |
Verilog Hdl Pdf
If you are using Mac OS X, most of these keyboard shortcuts use Command instead of Ctrl. To inspect the exact list of keyboard shortcuts, go to Preferences > General > Keys.
Keyboard shortcuts can be easily customized via Preferences > General > Keys.
Verilog Tutorial For Beginners Pdf
This preference page also enables you to select the Emacs scheme, for more Emacs-like keyboard shortcuts, or (if you have installed the UltraEdit key bindings for Eclipse plugin) the UltraEdit key bindings.
Systemverilog Coverage Cheat Sheet
If you’re looking for Vi or Emacs keybindings, have a look at Third party plugins.